Diet for kidney stones

Diet for kidney stones

Drinking 8-10 glasses of liquid daily helps keep the urine dilute - which reduces the concentration of stone forming minerals in the urine.

Reducing the salt (sodium) in the diet helps reduce the amount of calcium in the urine. Avoid foods high in sodium such as processed meats, canned soups, noodle and salty snacks.

Studies have shown that the inclusion of at least two servings of high calcium foods per day in the diet reduces the rate at which calcium-containing kidney stones form. A cup of low-fat milk contains 300 mg of calcium.

Oxalic acid or oxalate is found mostly in foods from plants like spinach, strawberries, wheat bran, nuts and tea. Avoiding these foods may help reduce the amount of oxalate in the urine.

The body converts vitamin C into oxalate that increases kidney stone formation. A person who has a tendency to form kidney stones should consult a doctor or dietician before taking large doses of vitamins or minerals.

Sugar may also aggravate the development of calcium or calcium oxalate stones. People who get kidney stones should avoid sugary packaged foods.

Meats and other animal proteins - such as eggs and fish - contain purines, which break down into uric acid in the urine. Non-dairy animal proteins may also increase the risk of calcium stones by increasing the excretion of calcium and reducing the excretion of citrate into the urine.

Insoluble fibre found in wheat, rye, barley, and rice help to reduce calcium in the urine. It combines with calcium in the intestines, so that the calcium is excreted with the stool instead of through the kidneys.

In case of calcium oxalate stones, very large amounts of dairy products or foods high in oxalates like tea and chocolate should not be consumed.

Caribbean way of life

Caribbean way of life

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Snoring: Causes and treatment

Snoring: Causes and treatment

Snoring is a sound caused when there is an obstruction to the free flow of air through the passages at the back of the mouth and nose. It is usually very normal and more common amongst men.

Consuming too much of alcohol before bedtime can lead to snoring. Alcohol acts as a sedative, relaxing throat muscles.

Children with large tonsils and adenoids may snore. Overweight people may also have bulky neck tissue and often suffer from this problem. Recent weight gain is especially important in evaluating for sleep apnoea.

A stuffy or blocked nose requires extra effort to pull air through it. This creates a vacuum in the throat, which results in snoring.

Deformities of the nose or nasal septum, such as deviated septum (a deformity of the wall that separates one nostril from the other) can cause snoring.

Age can also be a factor as when one gets older, the throat muscles become weaker causing the surrounding tissues to sag and vibrate.

Treatment depends on the underlying cause for snoring. Dental plates are available that help prevent snoring. These bring the lower jaw and the tongue forward thus opening up the air passage behind.

Treat nasal congestion or obstruction - having a deviated septum or allergies can limit airflow through the nose. This forces one to breathe through the mouth, increasing the likelihood of snoring. Don't use an oral or spray decongestant for more than three days in a row for acute congestion unless directed to do so by the doctor.

Avoid drinking alcohol at least four hours before bedtime, and let the doctor know about your snoring before taking sedatives or hypnotics. Sedatives and hypnotics (sleeping pills) and alcohol depress the central nervous system, causing excessive relaxation of muscles, including the tissues in your throat.

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) involves wearing a pressurised mask over your nose while you sleep. The mask is attached to a small pump that forces air through your airway, which keeps it open. CPAP eliminates snoring and prevents sleep apnoea.

Surgery may be suggested if there is a specific nasal deformity, or if there is excessive soft tissue at the back of the throat, when an operation called Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty may be advised to open the airway.

look at picture closely

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